记忆的味道 | 粤韵醒狮展精神-醒小狮大师舞

岭南是我国民系¹分布最广、情况最复杂的地区，现指广东、广西、海南、香港、澳门三省二区，也就是今华南区域范围。广府文化以其人口和地域上的优势，在岭南文化中居主体地位，并辐射周边地区。粤方言是广府文化的一大标志。（The Cantonese dialect is one of the most recognizable symbols of Gwongfu culture, also known as Lingnan culture.）

岭南文化具有多元、务实、开放、兼容、创新等特点，民俗活动丰富多样，有行花街、醒狮、游神等。

接下来，就让我们跟随上外英院传统文化志愿服务队的脚步，一起来了解南派醒狮的传统吧！

“醒狮到未啊？要开年啦！”在广东，每逢节日、庆典就能看到醒狮的身影。

醒狮队伍浩浩荡荡地在大街上行进着，离了几条街都能听到响亮的锣鼓声。对岭南人来说，醒狮的鼓点仿佛就是喜庆的韵脚。（For Lingnan² locals, festivity is knocking at the door when they hear the beating drum of the lion dance.）

醒狮，是广州、佛山等珠江三角洲地区民间对当地舞狮的一种别称，也称南派醒狮、南狮，主要分布于岭南地区，以狮队形式出现。醒狮原名瑞狮，寓意吉祥、如意。据传，因粤语中“瑞”和“睡”发音相近，遂改名为醒狮，取振作精神之意。（Xingshi, which literally means “lion awakening”, was initially called ruishi or “auspicious lion” for its propitious implications. But the name was forgone due to the fact that rui sounds like shui or sleeping in Cantonese, while its substitute xing has the meaning of “cheering up”.）

狮子造型丰富、色彩多样，不同颜色有不同寓意。黄狮，也称刘备狮，象征仁义、贵气；红狮，又称关公狮，象征忠义、胜利和财富。而最为特别的是金狮，多见于隆重的场合和交往礼仪。

醒狮讲究神似，刚劲威猛。舞狮者善用各种步形与步法，配合狮头动作，腾、挪、闪、扑、回旋、飞跃中表现狮子喜、怒、哀、乐、动、静、惊、疑八种情态。（Performers are proficient in displaying a wide range of a lion’s states, including pleasure, anger, sorrow, joy, motion, stillness, astonishment and bewilderment, through dynamic moves, such as rising, shifting, shaking, diving, twirling and leaping, which are coordinated with the swinging of the lion’s head.）表演时，以鼓、锣、唢呐等为伴奏，先打南拳“开桩”，而后一人头戴笑面“大头佛”，手拿大葵扇引领二人扮演的狮子入场耍舞。

醒狮是一项精深的技艺，仅是表演项目就能分为六类：庆祝、竞技、联谊、驱邪、阵式和演艺。当中最有代表性的动作是“狮子采青”，伴随着紧凑的锣鼓声，舞狮人在高低不一的立桩上跳跃腾动，将狮子采青的过程演绎得淋漓尽致。

“采青”或源自传统习俗中的“咬春”，寄托着民众迎接春天的喜悦和对丰收年成的期盼。如今，醒狮中采青的“青”多使用生菜，因“生菜”谐音“生财”，寓意生财招财，兴旺发达。（It is said that Caiqing or “plucking the greens” derived from the traditional custom of yaochun or “biting the spring”. It reflects people’s joy for the arrival of spring and wish for a bumper year. Nowadays, the lettuce (pinyin: “shēng cài”) commonly serves as the “greens” in xingshi, because it sounds like “shēng cái”, which means amassing wealth and fortune to the Chinese ear.）

醒狮与武术有着密不可分的关系，醒狮融合了南派武术的各式步法拳法。在实地走访中，舞狮队游师傅告诉我们，佛山的南派醒狮以南拳之一的洪家拳为基础。要演绎出狮子威猛的生气和百变的神态，少不了表演者扎实的腰力腕劲和灵活的步形步法，这背后靠的是“十年如一日”的苦功。（In order to display the lions’ mighty vigor and ever-changing demeanor, a performer needs years of hard work to build enough strength in their waist and wrists and become light on their feet.）舞狮讲究“人狮合一”的功力，也讲究表演与伴奏的配合。（The lion dance, which requires a perfect match of the movements to the drumbeats, creates “a unity of the man and the lion”.）伴奏是舞狮表演的节奏，鼓响舞起、鼓快舞快、鼓停舞止，伴奏和舞狮相辅相成，成就了一场场精彩的舞狮表演。

高桩南狮传承了传统南狮的气派，而又有所创新，它起源于广东南海，虽发展历程只有短短二十余年，但已形成全国乃至全世界范围内的赛事项目。高桩南狮桩阵从桩头到桩尾全长约10-15米，半数桩柱高达2米，桩距不一。相比于传统舞狮，器械的特殊性使得高桩南狮动作难度更大，更具竞技性。在佛山祖庙，几乎每天都上演着精彩绝伦的高桩狮表演。表演场上，醒狮飞身上桩，腾跃穿梭，上下翻飞，观众喝彩纷纷。（Compared with the traditional lion dance, gaozhuang nanshi, or acrobatic lion dance, is more challenging and competitive since it requires performers to do incredible stunts on high poles. In Foshan Ancestral Temple, a national AAAA tourist attraction, a spectacular acrobatic lion dance is performed almost every day. When visitors see the awakened lion leap up and down, back and forth, they simply cannot withhold their applause.）而这一个个精彩动作的背后是舞狮人敢闯敢拼的勇气，也少不了勤练苦练的毅力。

醒狮是岭南人记忆中节庆的喜气与热闹，是高桩上彰显的勇气与韧劲。（For the locals, the lion-awakening dance represents the joy and excitement of festive occasions and the courage and tenacity needed to attain great heights.）这项国家级非遗文化的瑰宝，陪伴了一代又一代的岭南人，见证了他们的拼搏、开拓与耕耘。正如游师傅所说的，“醒狮对我而言是振奋人心、催人奋进的力量。”代代相传的不仅是醒狮表演的超群技艺，也是岭南人勇于开拓、勤于苦干的胆识与毅力。（“Lion awakening inspires me”. Indeed, the superb skills are passed down from generation to generation, and so is the courage and willpower of the locals to forge ahead.）

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